Salutare tuturor!

Dupa ce am promis sau v-am promis ori MI-AM promis de atatea ori sa scriu despre retentia datelor, WTCI, ??????? si cate altele si dupa ce, oricare dintre aceste demersuri s-a blocat sau a esuat din varii si private motive, m-am hotarat sa spun DA copyright-ului, primei iubiri, cum s-ar spune.
M-am oprit la copyright si mi-am permis satisfactia de a incerca sa sustin un argument in interesul titularului/autorului si nu al utilizarii for free. Explicabil prin aceea ca usurinta cu care am dizertat pe anumite teme a dezvoltat in timp o atractie destul de mare pentru contraargument. Este nevoie sa spun ca nu am uitat de mai vechile pasiuni tip creative commons, gpl si utorrent (big smile)?

Revin si spun azi copyright in context Instagram pentru ca din 19 ianuarie 2013 au intrat in vigoare noile clauze de utilizare ale celui mai cunoscut serviciu de foto sharing potrivit carora Instagram va avea dreptul de a vinde orice fotografie uploadata la nivelul platformei sale, fara a se obliga in vreun fel fata de autor/titular. Cel putin asa vorbeste lumea.

Mentionez inainte de toate: nu gasesc abuziv sa promovezi/furnizezi un serviciu de photo sharing care implica o cesiune gratuita, pentru ca exista un drept pe care ti-l garanteaza orice sistem, acela de a avea posibilitatea sa prezinti publicului orice tip de oferta comerciala (in limitele pretejarii drepturilor consumatorului, sa zicem), chiar si aceea in care interesul furnizorului este cu precadere protejat. Vorbim pana la urma de libertatea de a contracta, aplicabila si online, cu precizarea ca jurisprundenta si-a spus de mult cuvantul in ceea ce priveste valabilitatea acesteia, implicit a acelui accept prin bifarea termenilor si conditiilor. Altfel spus, indiferent de continutului noilor termeni, userul poate alege sa NU foloseasca serviciul.

Ca o mica parantenza ma gandesc ca noul stres online ce poarta numele Instagram are beneficiile sale – sunt sanse mari ca multi useri sa scape de prostul obicei de a da acel blind click pe orice agreement online. Sau de a considera orice aplicatie un serviciu de care te poti doar folosi, fara nicio obligatie.

Instagram este deci in drept sa promoveze orice continut contractual doreste. Discutii s-ar putea purta doar in privinta valabilitatii acestor update-uri in contextul online, semnificativ diferit de situatia contractarii in mediul real in care modificarile unilaterale sunt considerate a fi abuzive.
Totusi, anunturile publice cu privire la aceste schimbari pot fi interpretate intocmai ca niste notificari, detinatorii de conturi instagram fiind presupusi a lua la cunostinta de noile conditii implicate de fiecare upload. Gradul de valabilitate, daca il pot numi asa, il apreciez a fi direct proportional cu echitatea si transparenta formulei de promovare a noilor versiuni de contractare. Si fara niciun dubiu, se poate atesta valabilitatea, in cazul in care, ulterior datei de 19 ianuarie 2013, orice utilizare a serviciului Instagram va fi conditionata de acceptarea noilor termeni si conditii. Incercati voi.

Cu titlul de exemplu, daca noile reglementari ar intra in vigoare pe furis, unul sau doua articole in media online, nu fac din acesta un document public si nimic nu ii va schimba caracterul de modificare unilaterala. Dar este doar opinia mea, fireste, fiind multi, probabil, care vor considera ca un utilizator al unor servicii online are obligatia de a se informa constant de termenii si conditiile care guverneaza utilizarea serviciului in cauza.

Incerc sa trec la lucruri concrete: Sunt multe paragrafe care mi-au facut cu ochiul, unul mai tricky decat altul, dar ma limitez la cateva mai importante, cele care au in vedere disputatul drept de utilizare al materialelor uploadate de useri.

1. “Instead, you hereby grant to Instagram a non-exclusive, fully paid and royalty-free, transferable, sub-licensable, worldwide license to use the Content that you post on or through the Service, subject to the Service’s Privacy Policy, available here.

Politica de privacy completeaza practic termenii si conditiile generale, adica contractul dintre Instagram si user, trebuind si aceste clauze sa fie luate in considerare. Dreptul de utilizare transmis catre Instagram este, asa cum se mentioneaza, gratuit si liber de a fi RElicentiat. Redau in continuare detaliile acestei forme de licentiere:

2. – “photos, comments and other materials (“User Content”)” / “share User Content publicly. This means that other Users may search for, see, use, or share any of your User Content that you make publicly available through the Service.”

Ati putea spune ca este corect, perfect echitabil, atata vreme cat operele sunt aduse la cunostinta publicului, sa poata fi cautate si vizualizate de catre alti useri. Vizualizarea tertilor este intr-adevar intrinseca actului public. Este si logic. Cu toate astea, nu este mai putin adevarat ca o utilizare implica mult mai mult decat o vizualizare, ceea ce face ca dispozitia in cauza sa confere mult mai multe drepturi decat cele necesare pentru ca un material sa devina accesibil publicului in sensul vizualizarii.

Altfel spus, daca vor crede de cuvinta, ownerii Instagram vor putea acorda accesul tertilor (explic mai jos de ce putem avea in vedere orice tert) in sensul folosirii in scop comercial a oricarui material uploadat, indiferent ca acesta reprezinta fotografii cu detalii personale sau nu, oricare dintre acestea putand oricand sa se regaseasca pe un imens banner stradal. Chiar asa, fara vreo compensatie si contrar intereselor nobile dezvaluite in comunicate de presa si preluate in preambulul de contract:

“We’re updating our Privacy Policy to highlight this new collaboration, but we want to make sure you understand that you still have control over who sees your photos. You still get to choose who can see your Instagram photos, and you still get to choose whether you post your photos on Facebook. So while we’re looking forward to working closely with Facebook to build better experiences, we aren’t changing the core features of the app that you’ve come to know and love.”

Pentru astia mai sceptici, se stiu ei care, lucrurile interesante se intampla, intr-adevar, intr-un mod mai putin evident si transparent.

Evident ca vor declara ca NU vor folosi fotografiile userilor, ca sunt de buna credinta and so on, dar asta nu inseamna ca nu isi rezerva posibilitatea de a-si schimba oricand optiunea si de a tranzactiona operele userilor. Din simplul motiv ca au acest DREPT.

M-am concentrat mai devreme doar pe termenul USE, dar evident ca si acel SHARE spune multe, licenta neexclusiva include dreptul Instagram de a permite tertilor sa foloseasca DAR si sa REDISTRIBUIE la randul lor, catre alti terti, materialele userilor, in mod special fotografiile uploadate. E de bine…

Deci nu este vorba DOAR de acel share la nivelul platformei pentru ca, asa cum explic mai jos, user inseamna chiar si un simplu tert care acceseaza platforma; in consecinta si acel SHARE capata valentele unei adevarate si reale distribuiri nelimitate.

3. “Our Policy applies to all visitors, users, and others who access the Service (“Users”)”.

Useri sunt considerati a fi nu doar detinatorii de conturi instagram ci orice alta entitate (“others who access the Service”, practic orice ALTA persoana fizica sau juridica), ceea ce inseamna ca drepturile obtinute in virtutea paragrafului anterior, adica cele de cautare, vizualizare, utilizare, distribuire, vor putea fi dobandite nu numai de alti useri instagram (cu scopul declarat de “vizualizare”) ci practic de orice persoana precum: “visitors, users, and others who access the Service”. Orice alta persoana, va avea astfel posibilitatea, ca in anumite conditii, sa poate utiliza (fara limitari, caci nu sunt precizate!) acel User Content, adica fotografiile uploadate de orice utilizator Instagram.

4. – “We collect and use this analytics information with analytics information from other Users so that it cannot reasonably be used to identify any particular individual User.”

Tinand cont ca termenul USER identifica chiar si terti (adica nu numai detinatori de cont instagram, cum este in mod uzual folosit acest termen), dispozitia poate fi interpretata inclusiv in sensul existentei unui drept de transfer catre terti a datelor cu caracter personal pentru ca poate fi cel putin luat in considerare, ca rezultatul unei colectari statistice poate cuprinde date cu caracter personal, care, chiar si in situatia in care acestea sunt sau devin anonime (“so that it cannot reasonably be used to identify any particular individual User”), nu isi schimba caracterul “personal”.

Lipsa unui consimtamant al detinatorului acestor date inseamna intr-adevar o incalcare a dreptului acestuia. As indica chiar lipsa unei informari, caci nu poate fi catalogata a fi informare o clauza atat de putin transparenta, care nici macar nu identifica exact care sunt datele prelucrate.

Desi se poate opune oricand argumentul liberei decizii in interpretarea si acceptul unui contract. Daca iau in considerare interactiunea cu datele corespondente conturilor de FB, cu atat mai mult imi pare acesta a fi adevaratul scop avut in vedere de noile modificari.

Adica mult fuzzy pentru copierea pozelor pentru a trece neobservata utilizarea datelor personale ale userilor si transferul acestora dupa bunul plac. Si asta chiar daca exista si dispozitii safe si corecte de genul: “We may share User Content and your information (including but not limited to, information from cookies, log files, device identifiers, location data, and usage data) with businesses that are legally part of the same group of companies that Instagram is part of, or that become part of that group (“Affiliates”). Affiliates may use this information to help provide, understand, and improve the Service (including by providing analytics) and Affiliates’ own services (including by providing you with better and more relevant experiences). ”

Caci existenta unor dispozitii ce identifica anumite circumstante speciale nu poate invalida si nici limita sfera de aplicabilitate generala a altor dispozitii. Oricum, mai bine decat Instagram nu o spune nimeni – clauza indicata prezinta un simplu exemplu fiind introdusa la capitolul special denumit: “Parties with whom we MAY share your information”. Sunt doar exemple de persoane catre catre se poate realiza acel transfer de date.

Nu intru in mai multe discutiile pe privacy ci incerc sa verific ce se intampla cu operele uploadate anterior datei de 19 ianuarie 2013. Stim acum ca Instagram are clar posibilitatea de a oferi si altor persoane dreptul de a le utiliza si, desi nu este laudabil, cu greu poate fi abuziv in contextul in care intentia, chiar si ascunsa, este transcrisa la nivelul unui document public si disponibil oricarui user. Abuziva ar fi doar situatia in care acest drept ar putea fi exercitat nu numai asupra fotografiilor uploadate ulterior datei de 19 ian 2013, cat si celor postate anterior intrarii in vigoare a noilor conditii.
Din simplul motiv ca in acel moment alti termeni erau in vigoare.

Avem un privacy policy updated, adica actualizat, cu link interesant catre dispozitiile care se aplica in cazul operelor uploadate anterior datei de 19 ianuarie “To learn about how we treat information collected prior to January 19, 2013, please click here”. Dintr-un link in alt link, ajungem iar la termenii initiali, adica la cei neactualizati, si ne declaram convinsi ca Instagram este un partener bun si onest, cel putin in privinta fotografiilor postate anterior datei de 19. Aparent s-ar aplica vechiul contract, ceea ce ar fi perfect corect. Nu avem timp sa verificam daca intr-adevar asa este, ne declaram multumiti cu cu ce am prezentat mai sus (hint: de fapt imi imaginez ca voi fi in scurt timp disponibila pentru mai multe verificari).

Redau si alte clauze care mi-au atras atentia si la care ar fi multe de spus daca ziua ar avea 30 de ore. Succes!

a. These Terms of Use affect your legal rights and obligations. If you do not agree to be bound by all of these Terms of Use, do not access or use the Service.

b. You must comply with Instagram’s Community Guidelines, available here:http://help.instagram.com/customer/portal/articles/262387-community-guidelines.

c. You must not attempt to restrict another user from using or enjoying the Service and you must not encourage or facilitate violations of these Terms of Use or any other Instagram terms.

d. If we terminate your access to the Service or you use the form detailed above to deactivate your account, your photos, comments, likes, friendships, and all other data will no longer be accessible through your account (e.g., users will not be able to navigate to your username and view your photos), but those materials and data may persist and appear within the Service (e.g., if your Content has been reshared by others).

e. We reserve the right, in our sole discretion, to change these Terms of Use (“Updated Terms”) from time to time. / We reserve the right to modify or terminate the Service or your access to the Service for any reason, without notice, at any time,

f. we will provide reasonable advance notice before the Updated Terms become effective.

g. You agree that we may notify you of the Updated Terms by posting them on the Service, and that your use of the Service after the effective date of the Updated Terms (or engaging in such other conduct as we may reasonably specify) constitutes your agreement to the Updated Terms. Therefore, you should review these Terms of Use and any Updated Terms before using the Service.

h. There may be links from the Service, or from communications you receive from the Service, to third-party web sites or features. There may also be links to third-party web sites or features in images or comments within the Service. The Service also includes third-party content that we do not control, maintain or endorse. Functionality on the Service may also permit interactions between the Service and a third-party web site or feature, including applications that connect the Service or your profile on the Service with a third-party web site or feature.

i. Using this functionality typically requires you to login to your account on the third-party service and you do so at your own risk. Instagram does not control any of these third-party web services or any of their content.

j. You agree that you are responsible for all data charges you incur through use of the Service.

k. Some of the Service is supported by advertising revenue and may display advertisements and promotions, and you hereby agree that Instagram may place such advertising and promotions on the Service or on, about, or in conjunction with your Content. The manner, mode and extent of such advertising and promotions are subject to change without specific notice to you.

l. You acknowledge that we may not always identify paid services, sponsored content, or commercial communications as such.

m. you agree to pay for all royalties, fees, and any other monies owed by reason of Content you post on or through the Service

n. Also, Instagram reserves the right to remove any Content from the Service for any reason, without prior notice. Content removed from the Service may continue to be stored by Instagram, including, without limitation, in order to comply with certain legal obligations, but may not be retrievable without a valid court order.

o. Except as otherwise described in the Service’s Privacy Policy, available at http://instagram.com/legal/privacy/, as between you and Instagram, any Content will be non-confidential and non-proprietary and we will not be liable for any use or disclosure of Content.

p. It is Instagram’s policy not to accept or consider content, information, ideas, suggestions or other materials other than those we have specifically requested and to which certain specific terms, conditions and requirements may apply. This is to avoid any misunderstandings if your ideas are similar to those we have developed or are developing independently. Accordingly, Instagram does not accept unsolicited materials or ideas, and takes no responsibility for any materials or ideas so transmitted. If, despite our policy, you choose to send us content, information, ideas, suggestions, or other materials, you further agree that Instagram is free to use any such content, information, ideas, suggestions or other materials, for any purposes whatsoever, including, without limitation, developing and marketing products and services, without any liability or payment of any kind to you.

q. BY ACCESSING THE SERVICE, YOU UNDERSTAND THAT YOU MAY BE WAIVING RIGHTS WITH RESPECT TO CLAIMS THAT ARE AT THIS TIME UNKNOWN OR UNSUSPECTED, AND IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH WAIVER, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ AND UNDERSTAND, AND HEREBY EXPRESSLY WAIVE, THE BENEFITS OF SECTION 1542 OF THE CIVIL CODE OF CALIFORNIA, AND ANY SIMILAR LAW OF ANY STATE OR TERRITORY, WHICH PROVIDES AS FOLLOWS: “A GENERAL RELEASE DOES NOT EXTEND TO CLAIMS WHICH THE CREDITOR DOES NOT KNOW OR SUSPECT TO EXIST IN HIS FAVOR AT THE TIME OF EXECUTING THE RELEASE, WHICH IF KNOWN BY HIM MUST HAVE MATERIALLY AFFECTED HIS SETTLEMENT WITH THE DEBTOR